The demographic history of the wild crop relative *Brachypodium distachyon* is shaped by distinct past and present ecological nichesuse asterix (*) to get italics

Nikolaos Minadakis, Hefin Williams, Robert Horvath, Danka Caković, Christoph Stritt, Michael Thieme, Yann Bourgeois, Anne C. RoulinPlease use the format "First name initials family name" as in "Marie S. Curie, Niels H. D. Bohr, Albert Einstein, John R. R. Tolkien, Donna T. Strickland"

2023

<p style="text-align: justify;">Closely related to economically important crops, the grass <em>Brachypodium distachyon</em> has been originally established as a pivotal species for grass genomics but more recently flourished as a model for developmental biology. Grasses encompass more than 10,000 species and cover more than 40% of the world land area from tropical to temperate regions. Unlocking the sources of phenotypic variation in <em>B. distachyon</em> is hence of prime interest in fundamental and applied research in agronomy, ecology and evolution. We present here the <em>B. distachyon</em> diversity panel, which encompasses 332 fully sequenced accessions covering the whole species distribution from Spain to Iraq. By combining population genetics, niche modeling and landscape genomics, we suggest that <em>B. distachyon</em> recolonized Europe and the Middle East following the last glacial maximum. Consequently, the species faced new environmental conditions which led to clear associations between bioclimatic variables and genetic factors as well as footprints of positive selection in the genome. Altogether, this genomic resource offers a powerful alternative to <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> to investigate the genetic bases of adaptation and phenotypic plasticity in plants and more specifically in monocots.&nbsp;</p>

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.01.543285v5.supplementary-material, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB61986You should fill this box only if you chose 'All or part of the results presented in this preprint are based on data'. URL must start with http:// or https://

https://github.com/nminad/env_genomicsYou should fill this box only if you chose 'Scripts were used to obtain or analyze the results'. URL must start with http:// or https://

https://github.com/MyersGroup/relateYou should fill this box only if you chose 'Codes have been used in this study'. URL must start with http:// or https://

genetic diversity, local adaptation, landscape genomics, GEA, grass, Brachypodium distachyon

NonePlease indicate the methods that may require specialised expertise during the peer review process (use a comma to separate various required expertises).

Evolutionary genomics, Functional genomics, Plants, Population genomics

Thibault Leroy: thibault.leroy@inrae.fr, Christian Rellstab: christian.rellstab@wsl.ch, Jared Streich: streichjc@ornl.gov No need for them to be recommenders of PCI Genomics. Please do not suggest reviewers for whom there might be a conflict of interest. Reviewers are not allowed to review preprints written by close colleagues (with whom they have published in the last four years, with whom they have received joint funding in the last four years, or with whom they are currently writing a manuscript, or submitting a grant proposal), or by family members, friends, or anyone for whom bias might affect the nature of the review - see the code of conduct

Pilar Catalane.g. John Doe [john@doe.com]

2023-06-14 15:28:30

Josep Casacuberta